خارطة مياه العراق
بقلم: محسن الشمري ..
في سنة 1970 كانت كمية ايرادات المياه في العراق؛اكثر من 70 مليار متر مكعب وتعداد العراقيين حوالي 10 مليون،فكانت حصة الفرد الواحد 7000متر مكعب ونوعية المياه جيدة جدا ولذلك كنا نرى وفرة المحاصيل الزراعية العراقية والمنتجات الحيوانية وكانت الحالة الصحية افضل للعراقيين وبهذه كميات المياه ونوعيتها يعتبر العراق من الدول الغنية بالمياه على مستوى العالم بالكمية والنوعية.
اما في سنة2023 فاصبحت كمية ايرادات المياه تقدر بحوالي40 مليار متر مكعب وتعداد العراقيين 42مليون ولذلك تكون حصة كل عراقي اقل من 1000متر مكعب وهذا الحد هو حد الفقر المائي ونوعية المياه رديئة ولهذا نرى المحاصيل الزراعية المستوردة والمنتجات الحيوانية تغزو الاسواق والامراض تنتشر بين العراقيين.
الامن القومي العراقي امام تحديات كبيرة جدا بسبب شح المياه وتراجع المحاصيل الزراعية والمنتوجات الحيوانية وتوسع دائرة الامراض بين ابناء الشعب العراقي.
اما النسب المئوية للمياه فتتوزع كما يلي:
من تركيا(40-50)%
من ايران(15-25)%
والباقي من داخل العراق وهذا التفاوت يعتمد على نوع الموسم المطري اما جيد او متوسط او قليل او جاف.
-سدود مشروع الايمان الايراني على روافد دجلة خفض نسبة المياه الداخل من ايران الى الريع.
-سدود مشروع الغاب التركي خفض نسبة دخول المياه في دجلة والفرات الى الثلث.
تسببت سدود ايران وتركيا التي تنشأ دون التنسيق مع العراق بانخفاض ايرادات المياه وخسارة العراق من حقه في دجلة والفرات بين(20-35) مليار متر مكعب في السنوات الاخيرة.

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